Military and Democracy in Nepal by Indra Adhikari

Author:Indra Adhikari [Adhikari, Indra]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Social Science, India & South Asia, Peace, Political Science, Asia, American Government, History, General
ISBN: 9781317589051
Google: VFLeCQAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 27167673
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-10-01T00:00:00+00:00

Source: US Center for Defence Information (2007).

Note: DCS: Direct Commercial Sales; EDA: Excess Defense Articles; FMF: Foreign Military Financing; FMS: Foreign Military Sales; FY: Fiscal Year; IMET: International Military Education and Training.

1 The objectives of the system as rationalized by the king were: (a) to establish a decentralized democracy (by giving power to chief district officer in the district, and the zonal commissioner at the zonal level) in which every citizen was considered a pancha; (b) to achieve class coordination through economic and political measures; and (c) to lay the foundation of planned economic development which is free from exploitation.

2 Based on the author’s interview with Nilambar Acharya, a member of the Constitution Recommendation Committee representing the United Left Front, in 1990.

3 The NC conference held in January 1990 created a lot of enthusiasm for the restoration of democracy. The participation of Indian leaders, and their open support for the movement for the restoration of democracy, indeed electrified the situation.

4 Asia Watch Report, August 1998, p. 1.

5 The moral support to the NC (a party which was banned by the International community, especially India), had discouraged the government under Marich Man Singh, at a time when the Indian Government imposed an economic blockade unilaterally in March 1989.

6 Article V, Treaty of Peace and Friendship, 1950. Point 2 of the Letter exchanged with the Treaty 1965. Articles 3, 4, 5, 6 of the Agreement on Import of Arms by Nepal, 1965.

7 Based on the author’s interview with Bishnu Datta Upreti. Most senior military retired officers also accepted it during interviews with them.

8 Retd. Lieutenant General Bala Nanda Sharma and Gopal Singh Bohara have said that they were not been formally informed about the matter while they were not in the position at that time, but might be right.

9 At a Panchayat rally held in Pokhara on 16 March 1990, King Birendra said, ‘Any political system by itself is not an end but a means by which people’s rights, interests and potentials are realized. As is known to all, our political tradition relies on the popular will, and the mandate given by the national Referendum is the basis for retag strengthening Panchayat policy’.

10 Samaj, 27 April 1990. There were a number of reasons: first, ministers from both the NC and the ULF were engaged more in the Bhagbanda (distribution of positions) and in the respective strategies for influencing the emerging political developments in the country rather than in the homework for establishing democracy. Second, pro-Panchayat groups were trying to create disorder through planned attempts for a counter-revolution by training ‘secret police’ in the National Sports Council. Thus, several incidents that took place were carried out by vigilante groups in police uniform.

11 Six of them were killed by the people displaying the dead bodies in the open. On 23 April 1990, some people in police uniform, without identity cards had been taken prisoners by the people who suspected them of being Mandales, or agents of the previous regime. Five of them were beaten to death, and the other six were severely injured.

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